Heating apparatus employing powdered fuel



Feb. 18, 1930. v

F. MARCHAND HEATING APPARATUS EMPLOYING POWDERED FUEL Filed June '28.1926 2 SheetS -Sheet 1 9 0 Chan In van-[0r Feb. 1's, 1930.-

F. MARCHAND HEATING APPARATUS EMPLOYING POWDERED FUEL 2 Sheets-Sheet 2'Filed June 28'. 1926 7 Warc/mn/ Patented Feb. 18, 1930 UNITED STATES-PATENT OFFICE FERDINAND MARCHAND, or common FRANCE, assren'on r socrErEDEs FORGES a AOIEBIES DE OOMMERCY, or commEEcY, rnancn HEATING APPARATUSEMPLOYING POWDERED FUEL Application am June as, 1926, Serial N...

' In current practice, the rapid wear of the combustion chambersemployed for heating by means of powdered fuel makes it necessary toproceed with frequent repairsof an expensive nature whereby theadvantages due to this method of heating are much diminished. V

In such chambers, the mixture of the powdered fuel and the air servingas a vehicle is 1 supplied to the burner by a tube, in a compact streamwhich is projected at a certain speed upon a point of the rear wall ofthe chamber, and usuallyupon the fire bridge, in which the brick willbecome rapidly melted; the wall will thus be rapidly pierced, and itwill fall down, so that the furnace must be stopped in order to makelong and expensive repairs.

Further, this compact stream When entering the chamber will offer but asmall surface which is insufficient for an exchange of heat, so that thecombustion in the chamber will be incomplete and it will continue moreor less effectively-in the furnace bed; ash will be deposited upon theproducts to be'heated, and due to the less degree of temperatureprevailing in this part of the furnace the combustion will be stoppedand the unconsumed products will be added to the ash; so that theheating will be rendered almost impossible.

Attempts have been made to obviate such disadvantages by modifying thesize and shape of the chamber, and by varying the quality of the brickused in the construction. But the said defects have been only sli htlydiminished.

e present invention has for its object to entirely obviate suchdisadvantages, and it relates to a burner by which I can diffuse in alldirections the stream of the fuel and air mixture supplied to the burnerby a single tube, so that the stream may attain all parts of the chamberon occasion.

For this purpose, the walls of said chamber are flaring towards thecombustion chamber and containing deflectors or like members which serveto divide the stream into the desired number of unit streams of adivergent nature. Inasmuch as the said flaps are piv- 119,141, and inFrance February 1, 1926.

otally mounted and are independent, they will send the unit streams invariable directions and the output and the direction of said streams canbe regulated.

,- The appended drawings show by way'of example an embodiment of theinvention.

Figs. 1 and 2 are lengthwise sections of the burner on two perpendicularplanes.

Fig. 3 is an end elevation showing the divided stream.

Figs. 4 and 5 show a device for cooling the burner.

The said burner consists of a casing 1 which flares in all directionstowards the combustion chamber and whose size and shape depend upon eachtype of chamber and upon the amount of the mixture to be burned. a

At the inlet end of the said casing are disposed a plurality ofdeflectors 2 (two in number in the present example) having the form ofan elongated wedge; these are pivoted.

upon vertical axles 3 and can be held in any desired position, forinstance bymeans of the wing nuts 4 which are screwed upon the threadedpart of the axles 3. Each deflector is turned about by means of a handle5 mounted on the end of the respective axle.

The said deflectors divide the. main current of fuel mixture into asmany small streams as may be necessary, and each stream can be turned ina direction corresponding to the position of each deflector and on agiven orizontal plane. 1 I 1 Following this first set of deflectors, thedevice comprises a second set comprising the deflectors 6 mounted in thesame manner'as the deflectors 2 but upon horizontal axles 7, so as todivide the first streams obtained, and to send them in differentdirections, but herein in a vertical plane. T p

Above and below each set of deflectors, the casing 1 is pierced with anaperture whereby the said deflectors may be inspected, cleaned andreplaced, said apertures being closed by the doors 8 which are providedeach with a sight hole device for observing the functioning of theburner, the doors eing mounted upon the latter by means of the wing nuts9. It will be noted that by a combination of several sets of deflectors,I may obtain all the streams which may be necessary as regards theirnumber, direction and size. I thus obtain the proper diffusion of thefuel mixture which may reach all parts of the chamber according to adistribution which is uniform or is otherwise chosen at will, thisarrangement being" substituted for the known single strean'i. employedfor the burners. In this manner the wear is distributed over the wholesurface of the chamber, and thedurability of the latter is muchaugmented.

A further advantage of a much more important nature resulting from thediffusion of the stream, consists in the fact that I increase the flamesurface of the mixture when issuing from the burner, thus affording arapid exchange of heat and a much more complete combustion, by producingin the chamber a high temperature, so that the unconstlmed parts and theash will almost entirely disappear from the pieces to be heated.

Obviously, the shape of the burner and also the shape of the saiddeflectors, as well as their number, are given only by way of example,and these points may be varied on occasion-without departing from thespirit of the invention.

For instance, by giving suitable shapes to the said deflectors, I mayvary the cross section'of the streams so as to give them all shapesadapted to the shape of the combustion chamber.

The direction of the streams may be made to vary at each instant, andaccording to a continuous motion, and it is simply necessary to providefor the continuous displacement of the several registers by suitablemechanical means.

My experience with burners of this kind shows that they give entiresatisfaction as concerns the complete combustion of the fuel mixture aswell as for the preservation (if the chamber, but the burners heat uprapidlv, thus-causing a somwhat rapid wear. To obviate this, I placebetween the burner and the wall of the combustion chamber a deviceforming. a cooling device by reason of a circulation of water or likefluid.

This device proves most effective in de- .laying the ignition of themixture until it enters the chamber, while at the same time it cools thebricks at this place and prevents all heating of the burner. and it willnow last almost indefinitely. In Figs. 4. and 5, the burner 17containing the deflectors 18 and 19 and closed by the. doors 20 isfitted at its large end into a metal collar 10 extending from thecooling wall 11 and mounted on the frame pieces 12 of the furnace.

The said' cooling partition comprises a chamber 13 in which water iscirculated, this entering through the orifice 14 at the bottom of thechamber and issuing through the orifice 15 at the top.

At the rear of the cooling device, the entrance of the combustionchamber is extended by bricks or like refractory material, for instancea conduit 16 of flaring shape.

WVith my aforesaid device I am enabled to reduce the temperature of thebrick at the entrance of the chamber and to prevent all heating of theburner, so that the latter will last indefinitely.

Having thus described my apparatus, what I claim as new therein, and myown invention, is

1. In a burner adapted to burn powdered coal, the combination of aflaring nozzle allowing the passage of a mixture of coal and previouslyheated air, two sets of deflectors arranged transversely according totwo different directions substantially at right angles, the saiddeflectors and the walls of the nozzle being adapted to divide thestream of combustible mixture into several elemen- I tary streams whichdiverge towards the outlet of the said burner, both in the vertical andin the horizontal directions.

2. In a burner adapted to burn powdered coal, the combination of aflaring nozzle allowing the passage of a mixture of coal and previouslyheated air, two sets of deflectors arranged transversely according totwo different directions substantially at right angles, the saiddeflectors and the walls of the nozzle being adapted to dividethe/stream of combustible mixture into several elementary streams whichdiverge towards the outlet of the said burner, both in the vertical andin the transverse directions, each said deflectors having the form ofelongated wedges.

3. In a burner adapted to burn powdered coal, the combination of aflaring nozzle allowing the passage of a mixture of coal and previouslyheated air, two sets of deflectors arranged transversely according totwo different directions substantially at right angles, the saiddeflectors and the walls of the nozzle being adapted to divide thestream of combustible mixture into several elementary streams whichdiverge towards the outlet of the said burner, both in the vertical andin the horizontal directions, and a cooling chamber disposed at theoutlet of the said burner, the said chamber consisting in a hollow framewhich is distinct from the said nozzle and the internal walls of whichform substantially the extensions of the walls of said nozzle.

4. In a burner adapted to burn powdered coal, the combination of aflaring nozzle allowing the passage of a mixture of coal and previouslyheated air, two sets of deflectors arranged transversely according totwo different directions substantially at right angles, the saiddeflectors and the walls of the nozzle being adapted to divide thestream of combustible mixture into several elementary streams whichdiverge towards the outlet of the said burner, bothin the vertical andin the horizontal directions, and a cooling chamber disposed at theoutlet of the said burner, the sald chamber consisting in a hollow framedistinct from the said nozzle and whose external walls formsubstantially extensions of the walls of the said nozzle, the wall ofthe said chamber which is adjacent to the nozzle being provided withedges which are adapted to be secured to the wall of a furnace and witha collar in which the large basis of the said nozzle is engaged.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature.

FERDINAND MARCHAND.

